'아두이노' 태그의 글 목록

아누이노 관련 좋은 강좌입니다.

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입문자 뿐만 아니라 개발자들도 종종 이용해도 좋을 것 같네요.

네이버 "아두이노 생초보 무조건 따라하기 " 카페에서 내용을 확인하시면 됩니다.

Table of Contents

Part I. 아두이노 배우기···························································································1
Chapter 1. 아두이노란 무엇인가?············································································2
Chapter 2. 아두이노 개발환경 설정·········································································12
Chapter 3. 아두이노 프로그램의 구조·······································································32
Chapter 4. 디지털 및 아날로그 입출력······································································40
Chapter 5. 아두이노 함수·····················································································50
Chapter 6. 기본 클래스······················································································· 77
Chapter 7. 라이브러리·······················································································106

Part II. 아두이노 사용하기·····················································································126
Chapter 8. 아두이노를 위한 C/C++ 언어·································································127
Chapter 9. 디지털 및 아날로그 입출력 사용하기························································171
Chapter 10. 직렬 통신 사용하기···········································································207
Chapter 11. 센서 사용하기··················································································218

Part III. 아두이노 활용하기····················································································231
Chapter 12. 초음파 거리 센서··············································································232
Chapter 13. 텍스트 LCD····················································································245
Chapter 14. 그래픽 LCD····················································································258
Chapter 15. 7 세그먼트 표시장치··········································································270
Chapter 16. 네 자리 7 세그먼트 표시장치································································286
Chapter 17. EEPROM 라이브러리········································································295
Chapter 18. Real Time Clock··············································································298
Chapter 19. Real Time Clock - Wire 라이브러리 활용················································309
Chapter 20. 소프트웨어 시리얼·············································································326
Chapter 21. I2C와 SPI 통신을 이용한 아두이노 연결···················································334
Chapter 22. 블루투스·························································································348
Chapter 23. 서보 & DC 모터················································································369
Chapter 24. 모터 쉴드························································································380
Chapter 25. LED 매트릭스··················································································386
Chapter 26. I2C를 통한 LED 매트릭스 제어·····························································407
Chapter 27. 타이머 라이브러리
Chapter 28. 전자부품
Chapter 29. 마이크로컨트롤러
Chapter 30. 이더넷
Chapter 31. 버튼 입력 확장
Chapter 32. 부트로더
Chapter 33. TFT-LCD
Chapter 34. SD 라이브러리
Chapter 35. DIY Arduino
Chapter 36. ATmega128
Chapter 37. ATtiny85
Chapter 38 ~ 39 Reserved for future use
Chapter 40. 아두이노 레오나르도
Chapter 41. 아두이노 레오나르도 - 마우스 키보드 라이브러리
Chapter 42. 아두이노 메가2560
Chapter 43 ~ 47 Reserved for future use
  Chapter 48. 프로세싱 언어란 무엇인가?
  Chapter 49. Reserved for future use
  Chapter 50. 프로세싱으로 안드로이드 앱 만들기
  Chapter 51. Reserved for future use
  Chapter 52. Ketai 라이브러리
  Chapter 53.1 프로세싱 - controlP5 라이브러리 - 버튼
  Chapter 53.2 프로세싱 - controlP5 라이브러리 - 노브 슬라이더
  Chapter 53.3 프로세싱 - controlP5 라이브러리 - 텍스트라벨, 텍스트필드
  Chapter 54 Ketai 라이브러리 - 블루투스 맛보기
  Chapter 55.1 스마트폰으로 아두이노 제어하기 첫번째
  Chapter 55.2 스마트폰으로 아두이노 제어하기 두번째
  Chapter 55.3 스마트폰으로 아두이노 제어하기 세번째 - RGB LED 제어
  Chapter 55.4 스마트폰으로 아두이노 제어하기 네번째 - 가변저항값을 그래프로

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□ USB To Serial port 설치 문제( Setup Problem )

아두이노 나노를 설치할 때 일반적으로 USB to Serial 포트를 자동 설치하지 못하고 FTDI 드라이버 등을 인스톨하여 수동 설치하는 경우가 일반적이다. 특히, Windows 7 64bit 환경에서는 거의 100% 발생한다.

그런데, 일부 아두이노 나노 호환 제품들은 FTDI 또는 PL2302 드라이버로 USB to Serial 포트 인식을 하지 못하는 경우가 있다.

이 중 WCH CH240G 칩셋을 사용한 제품이 가장 흔하다. WCH CH240G 칩셋 오류는 아래와 같이 드라이버를 설치하여 해결할 수 있다.

This device did not work with the FTDI drivers, nor the PL2302 drivers.

□ 정품과 USB to Serial port 컨트롤러에 WCH CH240G칩을 사용한 클론칩 구성 비교

정품( Original, FTDI )	클론( Clone, WCH CH240G )

시리얼 포트를 설치할 수 없을 경우

- 뒤면 chip 확인

WCH CH340G 일 경우

□ Driver download

- 제조사 WCH Nanjing QinHeng Electronics

- 제조사 Driver http://www.wch.cn/downloads.php?name=pro&proid=5

- driver file CH341SER.ZIP

□ 설치 방법( Setup Guide )

1) CH341SER.ZIP Download 및 압축해제

2) 드라이버 수동 설치 선택

3) 압축을 해제한 디렉토리 지정

4) 설치 결과 확인(Result)

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- If you can try to use sprintf() to convert from a float to a string on Arduino, it doesn't work.

The function sprintf() return a "?" instead of float format.

The alternative to solve the problem is to use dtostrf(), the function in the avr-libc library.

아두이노에서 부동소수값 출력을 위해

sprintf( buf, "%f", 1.1f );

Srial.println( buf );

→ output : ?

위와 같이 sprintf() 함수를 사용한 경우 1.1이 아닌 "?" 가 출력된다.

정확한 결과를 위해

dtostrf() 함수를 사용

하여 해결 가능하다.

□ dtostrf() 개요

- dtostrf() 함수는 부동소수(double, float) 변수를 주어진 형식에 따른 문자열을 출력

- The dtostrf() function converts the double value passed in val into an ASCII representation that will be

stored under s.

*char dtostrf**	(	double	*__val*,
		signed char	*__width*,
		unsigned char	*__prec*,
		char *	*__s*
	)

□ 매개변수 정의

매개변수	내용
double __val	- 변경할 부동소수 - floatvar Float variable
signed char __width	- 음수부호(-)와 소수점을 포함한 전체 자리수 - StringLengthIncDecimalPoint It is the length of the string will be created	소수점 포함, 음수는 (-)포함
unsigned char__ prec	- 소수점을 제외한 소수점 자릿수 - numVarsAfterDecimal The number of digits after the dicimal point	소수점 제외
char * __s	- 문자열 버퍼 ( char buffer ) - charbuf The char array to store the result

□ dtostrf() 사례 ( Sample )

#include    <stdio.h>

void    setup() {
    Serial.begin( 9600 );
}

void    loop() {
    char    CAa [20] = "";
    char    CAb [20] = "";
    char    CAc [ 3] = "";
    char    CAd [ 5] = "0000";

    char buf[128];

    dtostrf( 123.123    , 6, 2, CAa );
    dtostrf( 456.456     , 1, 3, CAb );
    sprintf(buf, "dtostrf( 123.123     , 6, 2, CAa ) -> %15s\n"
                 "dtostrf( 456.456     , 1, 3, CAb ) -> %15s"
                 , CAa
                 , CAb          );
    Serial.println(buf);

    dtostrf( 123.123    , 6, 2, CAa );
    dtostrf( 456.4567    , 6, 2, CAb );
    sprintf(buf, "dtostrf( 123.123     , 6, 2, CAa ) -> %15s\n"
                 "dtostrf( 456.4567    , 6, 2, CAb ) -> %15s"
                 , CAa
                 , CAb          );
    Serial.println(buf);

    dtostrf( 12312.123   , 3, 2, CAa );
    dtostrf( 456.4567789 , 2, 5, CAb );
    sprintf(buf, "dtostrf( 12312.123   , 3, 2, CAa ) -> %15s\n"
                 "dtostrf( 456.45674444, 2, 5, CAb ) -> %15s"
                 , CAa
                 , CAb          );
    Serial.println(buf);

    dtostrf( 123.12345678, 10, 3, CAa );
    dtostrf( 456456.4567 , 11, 4, CAb );
    sprintf(buf, "dtostrf( 123.12345678, 10, 3, CAa ) -> %15s\n"
                 "dtostrf( 456456.4567 , 11, 4, CAb ) -> %15s"
                 , CAa
                 , CAb          );
    Serial.println(buf);

    dtostrf( 123.123     , 10, 3, CAa );
    dtostrf( 456456.45   , 10, 4, CAb );
    sprintf(buf, "dtostrf( 123.123     , 10, 3, CAa ) -> %15s\n"
                 "dtostrf( 456456.45   , 10, 4, CAb ) -> %15s"
                 , CAa
                 , CAb          );
    Serial.println(buf);

    dtostrf( 789.789    , 3, 3, CAc );
    sprintf(buf, "dtostrf( 789.789     , 3, 3, CAc ) -> %15s\n"
                 "CAd is 0000                         -> %15s"
                 , CAc
                 , CAd );
    Serial.println(buf);

   delay( 2000 );
}

□ 결과 (Result)

dtostrf( 123.123     , 6, 2, CAa ) ->          123.12      // Normal. 정상
dtostrf( 456.456     , 1, 3, CAb ) ->         456.456      // Error. 전체자리수 무시됨
dtostrf( 123.123     , 6, 2, CAa ) ->          123.12      // Normal. 정상
dtostrf( 456.4567    , 6, 2, CAb ) ->          456.46      // Normal. 정상. 소수점 끝자리 반올림됨
dtostrf( 12312.123   , 3, 2, CAa ) ->        12312.12      // Error. 전체자리수 무시됨
dtostrf( 456.45674444, 2, 5, CAb ) ->       456.45679      // Error. 부동소수 오류(끝자리 4가 아님)
dtostrf( 123.12345678, 10, 3, CAa ) ->         123.123      // Normal. 정상
dtostrf( 456456.4567 , 11, 4, CAb ) ->     456456.4700      // Error. 부동소수 오류 발생
dtostrf( 123.123     , 10, 3, CAa ) ->         123.123      // Normal. 정상
dtostrf( 456456.45   , 10, 4, CAb ) ->     456456.4400      // Error. 소수점 끝자리 오류발생
dtostrf( 789.789     , 3, 3, CAc ) ->         789.789      // Error. sizeof(CAc)→3, Buffer Over Flow 발생
CAd is 0000                         ->            .789      // Error. CAc의 BoF로 원래 값이 지워짐

결과에서 알 수 있듯이 dtostrf()도 정확한 연산이 되는 것은 아니다.

그러나, dtostrf()를 sprintf() 대신 충분히 사용가능하다.

As the result, dtostrf () also is not working exactly.
But, however , the dtostrf () is fully available instead of sprintf().

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□ HC-SR04

□ HC-SR04 특징(Specification)

항목	내용
동작 전압(Working Voltage)	5V
동작 전류(Working Current)	15mA
동작 주파수(Working Frequency)	40KHz
측정 거리(Min, Max Range)	2 cm ~ 4 m
측정 각도(Measuring Angle)	15도 (degree)
트리거 입력 신호(Trigger Input Signal)	10㎲ TTL Pulse
응답 출력 신호(Echo Output Signal)	거리에 비례하는 TTL Pulse
크기(Dimension)	45 * 20 * 15 mm
라인 구성	Vcc, Trig, Echo, GND

□ HC-SR04 아두이노 회로 구성도( HC-SR04 Arduino circuit diagram )

□ HC-SR04 와 아두이노 Pin 배열

HC-SR04	Arduino	비고
VCC	5V
TRIG	Digital pin 12
ECHO	Digital pin 11
GND	GND

* TRIG와 ECHO는 Digital INPUT 중 어떤 것을 사용해도 무방함

□ HC-SR04 Sample Source

#define DEFN_TRIGGER 12
#define DEFN_ECHO   11
#define DEFN_DELAY   1000
#define DEFN_BIT_RATE 9600

void setup(){
pinMode(DEFN_TRIGGER, OUTPUT);
pinMode(DEFN_ECHO   , INPUT );
Serial.begin(DEFN_BIT_RATE);
}

void loop() {
digitalWrite(DEFN_TRIGGER, LOW);
DEFN_DELAYMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(DEFN_TRIGGER, HIGH);
DEFN_DELAYMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(DEFN_TRIGGER, LOW);

long time_us = pulseIn(DEFN_ECHO, HIGH); // Get DEFN_ECHO time in microsecs
long dist_mm = time_us * 0.17;            // 0.34 / 2

Serial.print("Time(us) : ");        Serial.print(time_us);
Serial.print("\tDistance(mm) : "); Serial.print(dist_mm);
Serial.println("");

DEFN_DELAY(DEFN_DELAY);
}

□ HC-SR04 참고자료

HC-SR04 001 datasheet.pdf

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□ GP2Y1010AU0F : 먼지 센서

□ GP2Y1010AU0F 특징(Specification)

항목	내용	비고(Remark)
공급전원(Supply Voltage)	5 ~ 7 V	Vcc
동작온도(Operating Temperature)	-10 ~ 56 도(Celsius)
납땜허용온도(Soldering Temperature)	-20 ~ 80 도(Celsius)
전류소모(Comsumption current)	MAX 20 mA
터미널전원(Input Terminal Voltage)	-0.3 to Vcc	V-Led

□ GP2Y1010AU0F와 아두이노 핀 배열(Arduino pin map)

* 1번 ~ 3번은 LED 신호와 관계된 것으로 LED확인이 필요하지 않을 경우 연결 필요 없음

□ GP2Y1010AU0F 핀 구성도(Pin Design)

핀 구성도 (Pin Design)
설명 (Detail)	GP2Y1010AU0F	Arduino	비고(Remark)
	① V-Led	5V (150ohm resistor)	LED 신호용
	② LED-GND	GND
	③ LED	Digital pin 2
	④ S-GND	GND	Data 출력용
	⑤ Vo	Analog pin 0
	⑥ Vcc	5V

* V-Led, LED-GND, LED(1번~3번)는 LED 신호와 관계된 것으로 LED확인이 필요하지 않을 경우 연결 필요 없음

□ GP2Y1010AU0F 샘플(Sample Source)

/*

Standalone Sketch to use with a Arduino UNO and a

Sharp Optical Dust Sensor GP2Y1010AU0F

*/

int measurePin = 0; //Connect dust sensor to Arduino A0 pin

int ledPower = 2; //Connect 3 led driver pins of dust sensor to Arduino D2

int samplingTime = 280;

int deltaTime = 40;

int sleepTime = 9680;

float voMeasured = 0;

float calcVoltage = 0;

float dustDensity = 0;

void setup(){

Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode(ledPower,OUTPUT);

}

void loop(){

digitalWrite(ledPower,LOW); // power on the LED

delayMicroseconds(samplingTime);

voMeasured = analogRead(measurePin); // read the dust value

delayMicroseconds(deltaTime);

digitalWrite(ledPower,HIGH); // turn the LED off

delayMicroseconds(sleepTime);

// 0 - 5V mapped to 0 - 1023 integer values

// recover voltage

calcVoltage = voMeasured * (5.0 / 1024.0);

// linear eqaution taken from http://www.howmuchsnow.com/arduino/airquality/

dustDensity = 0.17 * calcVoltage - 0.1;

Serial.print("Raw Signal Value (0-1023): ");

Serial.print(voMeasured);

Serial.print(" - Voltage: ");

Serial.print(calcVoltage);

Serial.print(" - Dust Density: ");

Serial.println(dustDensity); // unit: mg/m3

delay(1000);

}


□ GP2Y1010AU0F 참고자료
 - Datasheet         먼지센서 001 gp2y1010au_e.pdf

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